What technology is often used to test roller coaster designs before construction?

Computer simulation is the correct answer because it allows designers and engineers to create detailed virtual models of roller coaster designs and analyze their performance under various conditions before any physical construction begins. This technology uses mathematical and physical modeling to simulate the dynamics of roller coasters, including forces experienced by riders, structural stresses, and the overall ride experience. By using computer simulations, designers can make informed decisions regarding design elements, safety features, and optimize the ride experience efficiently.

3D printing, while an innovative technology, is primarily used for creating physical prototypes and models but does not provide the extensive analytical capabilities of simulation software. Virtual reality offers immersive experiences but is more focused on displaying existing designs rather than testing and analyzing them, while augmented reality enhances real-world views but is not specifically designed for testing the physics and engineering aspects of roller coaster designs. Thus, computer simulation stands out as the most suitable technology for pre-construction testing.